Monthly Archives: August 2011

Verizon launches 100G Ethernet network

Verizon (March 4, 2011) successfully deployed a 100G Ethernet network on a large section of one of its Internet backbones in Europe.

This deployment makes Verizon the first backbone carrier to deploy the new Ethernet standard with speeds of up to 100 gigabits per second, according to Verizon. The company was able to establish the 100-Gigabit Ethernet network between routers on a 555-mile stretch between Paris and Frankfurt.
In Verizon’s words, this marks the first “standards-based, multivendor 100G Ethernet link for an IP backbone,” and it will increase capacity for business customers and organizations that tap into the backbone.

Internet Protocol backbones use high-speed fiber-optic lines to connect the major routers across the Internet, enabling different networks to talk to each other. Separate IP backbones are maintained by different companies and organizations, including telecom providers such as Verizon and AT&T. Providing a major performance boost over the older 1G and 10G Ethernet and the more recent 40G Ethernet, the 100G Ethernet standard itself was ratified by the IEEE (the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) last summer.

Wellbrock ( director of optical transport network architecture and design for Verizon) confirmed that although different enterprises may be launching 100G Ethernet networks within their own organizations, Verizon believes it’s the first backbone carrier to successfully deploy it. But Verizon was not alone in the effort as two other companies contributed critical pieces, making this a true multivendor project.

See more of the story:
http://news.cnet.com/8301-11386_3-20039383-76.html?tag=mncol;title
http://ioptic.blogspot.com/2011/08/verizon-launches-100g-ethernet-network.html

Google 1Gbps network near Stanford is live [CNET]

By: , August 23, 2011 3:17 PM PDT

Some residents near Stanford University in Palo Alto, Calif., are getting the first taste of Google’s 1-gigabit-per-second broadband service.

Google logo

The service has been live in the market for about a month, and it will continue to be rolled out to homes in the community, where mostly Stanford professors and faculty live. The service is free to residents for the first year.

Google is building the Stanford fiber-to-the-home network and a larger network inKansas City, Kansas, as sort of test beds for ultra-high speed broadband. So far, residents in the Stanford community are the first to get access to the high-speed networks that Google is building.

Stanford economics professor Martin Carnoy, who was one of the first people in the neighborhood to get the high-speed access, said he has been loving his new high-speed service. He frequently sends and receives big data files of 20MB or greater from his home computer.

“It used to take several minutes to send big files with the AT&T broadband service I had before,” he said. “I felt like I was always waiting around when I was sending or receiving files. But now it takes seconds. There’s no waiting.”
Carnoy hasn’t tested his connection to see how fast the service is, but Engadgetreports that at least one Stanford resident says he has tested the network and is getting about 150Mbps download speeds and upload speeds around 92Mbps.

The idea behind the Google Fiber initiative is to provide 100 times faster speed broadband connections to businesses and homes so that entrepreneurs can use these networks to innovate and test new ideas for Internet services and applications.

“High-speed Internet access must be much more widely available,” Eric Schmidt, Google’s chairman, said when the company first announced the project. “Broadband is a major driver of new jobs and businesses, yet we rank only 15th in the world for access. More government support for broadband remains critical.”
Getting broadband and super fast broadband to Americans is a stated goal of the Federal Communications Commission. The agency said in its National Broadband Plan that it plans to extend broadband to every American and it promises to offer 100 Mbps broadband to 100 million people by 2020.

A separate initiative called GigU driven by 29 universities in the U.S. is also looking to build 1Gbps networks in and around universities.

Most major universities already have access to cutting edge Internet technology, and many are involved in research and development networks such as Internet 2, which is used to connect universities throughout the world to share data and test new Internet technologies. But Google Fiber and Gig.U are extending this kind of high speed Internet access outside the university to the private sector.

Journal impact factor 2011

 

Journal

2010 Impact Factor (released on June 28, 2011)

2009 Impact Factor (released on June 18, 2010)

2008 Impact Factor (released in June 2009)

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

94.262

87.925

74.575

The New England Journal of Medicine

53.484

47.050

50.017

Nature

36.101

34.480

31.434

Cell

32.401

31.152

31.253

Science

31.364

29.747

28.103

Nature Nanotechnology

30.306

26.309

20.571

Nature Photonics

26.442

22.869

24.982

Nano Letters

12.186

9.991

10.371

Nano Today

11.750

13.237

8.795

ACS Nano

9.855

7.493

5.472

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

9.771

9.432

9.380

Physical Review Letters

7.621

7.328

7.180

Small

7.333

6.171

6.525

Lab on a Chip

6.260

6.342

5.068

Proceeding of IEEE

5.096

4.878

3.82

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

5.027

4.378

5.960

Applied Physics Letters

3.820

3.596

3.726

Physical Review B

3.772

3.475

3.322

Optics Express

3.749

3.278

3.880

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

3.702

3.317

3.467

IEEE transactions on industrial electronics

3.439

4.678

5.468

Optics Letters

3.316

3.059

3.772

Journal of Biomedical Optics

3.188

2.501

2.970

IEEE Electronic Device Letters

2.714

2.605

3.049

Pattern Recognition

2.607

2.554

3.279

IEEE Transactions on Image Processing

2.606

2.848

3.315

IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics

2.577

2.331

1.614

Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering

2.276

1.997

2.233

IEEE/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems

2.157

1.922

2.226

Journal of Applied Physics

2.064

2.072

2.201

IEEE Photonics technology letters

1.987

1.815

2.173

JOSA A

1.933

1.670

1.870

Experimental Mechanics

1.854

1.542

1.469

Applied Optics

1.703

1.410

1.763

Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics

1.662

1.198

1.742

Optics and Lasers Technology

1.616

0.981

0.892

Review of Scientific Instruments

1.598

1.521

1.738

Journal of Biomedical Engineering (Trans. ASME)

1.584

2.154

2.013

Optics and Lasers in Engineering

1.567

1.262

1.103

Optics Communications

1.517

1.316

1.552

ASCE Journal of Water Resources, Planning and Management

1.252

1.164

1.275

Pattern Recognition Letters

1.213

1.303

1.559

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

1.078

0.810

1.197

Strain 

1.000

1.083

1.154

ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics

0.956

0.980

0.792

Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

0.897

0.748

0.626

Optical Engineering

0.815

0.553

0.722

Journal of Applied Mechanics (Transactions of the ASME)

0.617

0.915

1.065

 

 

 

Ref:

http://ioptic.blogspot.com/2011/08/journal-impact-factor-2011.html

http://faculty.cua.edu/wangz/

 

High speed fiber optics for communication

http://ioptic.blogspot.com/2011/08/high-speed-fiber-optics-for.html

Ultra high speed fiber optics for communication tend to generate much attention due to nowadays internet usage is largely maximized (probably youtube takes much of the internet bandwidth). Companies such as Google is now plan to build very high speed fibre to home:
http://www.google.com/appserve/fiberrfi/

Silica glass single mode optical fiber used for communication at the moment using wavelength 1550 nm, the reason using this wavelength is because, the optical loss at this wavelength is relatively low (lowest fiber loss appeared at the valley between the Reighley scattering and IR absorption, see previous post about basic optics knowledge at: http://ioptic.blogspot.com/2011/08/online-learning-about-optics.html, fiber attenuation: http://ioptic.blogspot.com/2011/08/cut-back-method-for-testing-fibre-loss.html) also, EDFA could amplify light signal at this wavelength.

For fabricating even lower loss optical fibres, few ways could be done, (1) find new materials to replace the silica fibre. Chalcogenide glasses could be one of the candidates. Chalcogenide glasses are transparent at near-infrared and mid-infrared, in this case, chalcogenide fibres are not limited by the IR absorption curve. (2) Guide light using hollow core fibres. (3) Multiple single cores in fibre, maybe. Etc…

University of Southampton and University of Essex in the UK now start up new project ‘Photonics Hyperhighway programme’

http://gow.epsrc.ac.uk/ViewGrant.aspx?GrantRef=EP/I01196X/1
http://www.orc.soton.ac.uk/PHH/